Android is a mobile os built on a modified versions of the linux kernel and other software with free source code designed of course for: cell phones touch screen gadgets like tablets and gadgets. Android is developed by a consortium of developers known as the open handset alliance, although its most widely used variant is only developed by google. It turned out to be in november of the 21st century, and the first commercial android device, htc dream, was developed in september 2008.At its core, the os is commonly known as the android open tool project (aosp). )[4] and is a free program with free primary code (foss), which is almost always distributed under the apache license. But most devices run on a proprietary version of android supplied by google, which is offered pre-installed with additional proprietary software, with closed primary code[5], to a large extent google mobile services (gms)[6], including main applications, including google chrome , the appstore digital distribution platform and its associated online store service development platform. Although aosp is free, the "android" name and logo are trademarks of google, which defines requirements that restrict the use of the android brand name to "uncertified" devices outside their ecosystem.[Seven, eight]70+ android open tool project phones are powered by the google ecosystem (known simply as android), few have vendor customized user interfaces and software packages like touchwiz and later versions of samsung's one ui and htc sense.[9] competing ecosystems and aosp offshoots include fire os (developed by amazon), coloros by oppo, originos by vivo, magicui by honor, or custom roms such as lineageos.The source code was used. For making android versions of many other electronics such as play stations, digital cameras, portable media players and laptops, each with a dedicated user interface. Some notable derivatives include android tv for tvs and wear os for wearables developed by google. Android software packages using the apk format are usually distributed through proprietary app stores, some of which include the appstore store, amazon appstore (even for windows 11), samsung galaxy store, huawei appgallery, cafe bazaar and getjar, or go to the sites with free source code, one of which is aptoide or f-droid.Android is the best-selling operating system on earth for phones since 2011 and for consoles since 2013. Users, the main installed base among in-demand os[10], and as of january 2021[update], there were more than three million applications in the appstore store[11]. Android 13, released on august 15, 2022, is the latest version[12], and the more recently released version of android 12.1/12l includes improvements that are inevitable for foldable smartphones, lop-tops, desktop-sized screens[13] and chromebooks. HistoryAndroid inc. Was started in palo alto, california in october 2003 by andy rubin, rich miner, nick sears and chris white.[14][15] rubin described the android project as an impressive potential in the promotion of smarter gadgets of all kinds, that you know more about the address and perception of its owner. The company's original intentions were to build an advanced digital video surveillance system and that remained the basis of its delivery to investors in april 2004. The company then decided that the camera market wasn't big enough to reach its goals, and five months later, it diverted its skills and introduced android as an android os that could compete with symbian and microsoft windows mobile. Rubin had trouble getting investors involved early on, and android faced being evicted from its office. Steve perlman, a close friend of rubin's, brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope and shortly after these formalities transferred the undisclosed money as seed funding. Pearlman refused a stake in the firm and said: "i did it because i believed in ours and wanted to help andy." Tried to negotiate transactions with samsung[20] and htc[21]. Shortly after these formalities, google acquired the company in july of that year for at least fifty million dollars; 20] key android employees, notably rubin, miner, sears and white, are joining the google component of the acquisition. In those days about the secretive android inc. Little is known to mankind, as the company provided few details, among other things, that the page created software for phones.At google, a team led by rubin has developed a resource for: cell phones gadgets based on the linux kernel. Google has been selling the platform to phone manufacturers and carriers, promising to provide an optimal system during upgrades.[23] google "has picked up a number of customers, by hardware ingredients and software, and told carriers that it is open to all levels of collaboration."[24] 2006.[25] the early prototype became as close as possible to a blackberry smartphone, without a touch window and a physical qwerty keyboard connecting it, but the arrival of the iphone in 2007 meant that android "had to go back to the drawing board." Later, google changed the android spec stuff, stating that "touch screens will be supported" although "the product was designed with separate physical buttons as an assumption, so the touch screen has no right to completely change the normal keys." By 2008, both nokia and blackbury announced touch screen smartphones to compete with the iphone 3g, and the https://mst-software.com/ focus of android shifted to touch screens. The first commercially available android smartphone was the htc dream, also known as the t-mobile g1, announced on september 23, 2008[29][30]November 5, 2007. Open handset alliance, a consortium of technology companies including google, device makers like htc, motorola and samsung, wireless carriers like sprint and t-mobile, and chipset brands like qualcomm and texas instruments, presented itself with the goal of developing "the first very a frank and comprehensive playground for a variety of gadgets.”[31][32][33] in just a year, the open handset alliance faced 2 other open source code competitors, the symbian foundation and the limo foundation, the latter also developing a linux based mobile os such as google. In september 2007. The information week covered the evalueserve study, where it was reported that google has filed several patent documents in the mobile telephony area. Gradually improved the operating system, introducing new performance and correcting flaws in previous releases. Each major release is named alphabetically after dessert or cake, with the top ten android variants being named "cupcake", "donut", "eclair", and "froyo" in perfect order. During the announcement of android kitkat in 2013, google explained that "because the iphone and ipad make everyone's life so sweet, every version of android is named after a dessert," although a google spokesperson said in an interview with cnn that roughly the following phrase of an internal command is ". Substance, and our team intends to be minimally – how shall i say – a little incomprehensible in such an endeavor, i would say.”[36]In 2010, google launched a series of nexus devices, in it, google has already worked with diverse hardware manufacturers to firm new hardware and introduce the latest versions of android. The series has been described as playing a major role in android history by introducing new iterations of software and hardware standards, software of any category, and has become known for its "bloat-free" software, with "timely...Updates". At the beloved developer conference in late spring 2013, google announced a special version of the samsung galaxy s4, where instead of using its own android settings, the phone created its magnificent buildings on a low android and was promised prompt acquisition of new system updates. Such hardware was the beginning of the appstore release program, followed by other appliances including the release of the htc one appstore[39] and the production of the moto g appstore[40]. Three years ago, ars technica wrote that earlier this week, the last of the android version numbers of the appstore in the google store was listed as "no longer suitable for implementation and which in our time all this has disappeared, and that imitates the whole." Similar to the fact that the program has terminated.” Conference aimed at developers. He left google in late summer 2013 to join chinese phone maker xiaomi. Less than six months earlier, then-google ceo larry page had announced on his own blog that andy rubin had left the android division. Take on your appearance new series in google, and which sundar pichai will become the new head of android. [47][48] appointment of hiroshi lockheimer as the new head of android.[49][50]In android 4.4 kit kat, sharing when working on microsd memory cards was blocked for user-installed software to which only selected directories with similarly spelled package names, internal android / data /, remained acceptable when writing. Write access has been restored in android 5 lollipop via backwards incompatible google storage access framework.[51]In june 2014, google announced android one, a set of "reference settings" that make it easy for [device manufacturers] to build high-quality phones at an enticing cost." Serves clients in developing countries.[52][53][54] in september, google announced the release of the first set of android one phones in india.[55][56] but, last june, recode reported that the action plan was "disappointing," citing "reluctant customers and manufacturing associates and the misfire of a search firm that never cracked the equipment." Plans to relaunch android one were released a month later last year,[58] and a week later, africa was announced as the next location for the app.[59][60] the data report for the first month of 1917 said that google was expanding its low-cost android one program in america, although the verge stressed that the organization probably wouldn't show up to produce actual devices itself. Google introduced the pixel and pixel xl smartphones in october 2016, which were billed as the first phones manufactured by google[63][64] and used only certain software features like the google assistant before wider adoption.[65][66]. ] Pixel phones have replaced the nexus series[67] with the latest generation of pixel phones released in october 17.[68]In may of last year, os was embroiled in a trade war between china and the states through huawei , which, like other tech firms, has become dependent on control of the android base. The following summer, huawei announced the founding of an android[71] alternative os, known as harmony os[72], and filed a request for personal property rights in major global markets.[73][74] under such sanctions, huawei has long-term plans to replace android in 2022 with a new os, since harmony os was originally designed for mobile iot gadgets, but not for mobile phones and other gadgets.[75] 22 august of this year, it was announced that android "q" would be documented as android ten, ending the historical practice of naming major hypotheses after desserts. Google stated that electric names are not becoming "inclusive" for international users (either because the aforementioned products are not known in the world, or because they are difficult to pronounce in other languages). On the same day, android police reported that google ordered a statue of a giant tens to be mounted in the lobby of the new developer office.[78] android top ten was developed on september 3 this year first for google pixel smartphones.At the end of 2021, a number of people reported who were unable to go to emergency services.[79][80] the problem was caused by a combination of gaffes in android and also in the microsoft teams add-on; both companies have released updates to address this issue.[81]User interfaceUser interface android the default add-on is most often based on direct manipulation during touch input, which in general lines corresponds to usage, in the real world, like swipe, tap, pinch and back pinch to coordinate objects on the monitor, and the virtual keyboard. Game controllers and full size physical keyboards are supported via bluetooth or usb.[83][84] response to user input becomes immediate and gives a smooth touch interface, often using the vibration capabilities of the instrument to provide tactile feedback to the client. Internal hardware such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and proximity sensors are used by some add-ons to respond to related user actions, such as setting the screen to portrait to landscape depending on device orientation[85] or allowing the user to drive vehicles in a racing game , rotating the device, simulating steering wheel control.[86]Home screenAndroid devices are loaded into one screen, the main navigation and information "hub" on devices android, similar to the desktop on personal computers. Android home screens usually have a composition of program icons, and widgets; app icons launch the corresponding app, while widgets display automatically updated content, such as weather, user email or news ticker, in a modern time stream directly on the main field. The home screen can be made up of multiple pages, between which the gamer gets a chance to navigate to perfection and back.[88] third-party apps available from online stores and furry app stores can widely change the home screen theme[89] even mimic the appearance of other oses like windows background[90].Most manufacturers customize the look and feel of their android hardware to show off their competition.[91]Status barAt the top of the window is the status bar , showing information about the device and its connection. This status bar can be pulled down to open the notifications screen, where applications display the necessary data or updates, and in addition, quick access to system controls, and switches, including display brightness, connection settings (router, bluetooth, cellular data), sound order, and flashlight.[88] vendors may sell enhanced adjustments, one of which is the ability to adjust flashlight brightness.[92]NotificationsNotifications are “short, timely, and important information.” About your app when it's not in use", as well as tactile redirecting users to a monitor inside your app attached to the notification.[93] starting with android 4.1 "jelly bean", "expandable notifications" allow the user to tap an icon on a notification to expand it to display specific data and the actual actions of the app without even leaving the notification.[94]App listsThe all apps screen lists all installed apps, while customers can drag and drop apps from the list to the first screen. Access to a range of applications can be achieved through a gesture or a button, depending on the version of android. The "recents" screen, also known as "overview", provides the ability for customers to switch between recently used apps.[88]The recent list may appear side by side or overlap, depending on the android version and preset.[ 95]Navigation buttonsMany early android smartphones were equipped with a dedicated search button for efficient web search engine connectivity. And an internal search function for individual applications. Later models most often provide a chance to apply the first press or swipe from the home button.[96]The special selection key, also known as the diet key along with its imitation on the monitor, is no longer supported starting from android ten. Google recommends that smart product developers place menus in the user interface.[96] on the newest phones, its place is taken by the task key, which is used to enter the list of recently used applications when pressed. Depending on the device, a long press can simulate a ration click or activate a split screen, the latter of which is recognized as the default behavior since the classic version of android 7.[97][98][99]split view screenNative support for split-screen mode has been added to the standard variation of android 7.0 nougat.[99]The earliest version configured by the smartphones vendor on the android operating system, that traditionally have a split screen mode is the samsung galaxy s3 and note 2 of 2012, perhaps the first of which received this operation with the premium package update that comes with touchwiz with android 4.1 jelly bean.[100]</>Charging while offWhen you connect or disconnect the headphones, and in addition, if you briefly press the power button or the home button while the radio is turned off, the visual battery indicator is removed from the counter, the appearance of which differs depending on the supplier, which provides the visitor with the opportunity to quickly evaluate the sick charging of the turned off iphone without partial loading. Others show battery percentage.[101]AppsMany, many android devices come preloaded with google apps, including gmail, google maps, google chrome, youtube, appstore music, movies & tv online stores, and more.Apps ("apps") that extend the functionality of devices (and must be 64-bit[102]. ]) Are written using the android software development kit (sdk)[103] and often the kotlin programming language, which replaced java as google's language of choice for android app development in may 2019[104] and was originally announced in may 2017. .[105][106] java is still supported (originally the only option for user-space programs and often mixed with kotlin), as is c++. Java or other jvm languages such as kotlin can be combined with c/c++[108] along with a choice of non-default runtimes that provide better support for c++[109]. The go programming language is also supported, albeit with a limited set of application programming interfaces (apis).[110]The sdk includes a full set of development tools[111], including a debugger. Software libraries, a qemu-based phone emulator, documentation, sample code, and tutorials. Google's original integrated development environment (ide) was eclipse with the android development tools (adt) plug-in; in december 2014, google released android studio based on intellij idea as the main ide for android app development. Other development tools are available, including a native development kit (ndk) for c or c++ applications or extensions, google app inventor, a visual environment for beginner programmers, and various cross-platform mobile web application platforms. In january 2014, google introduced an apache cordova-based platform for porting chrome html 5 web apps to android, wrapped in its own app wrapper. In addition, in 2014, google acquired firebase, which provides useful tools for app and website developers.[113]For android, there is a growing selection of third-party apps that users can access by downloading and by installing the apk file (android app bundle) of the apps or by downloading them using the app store program, which allows users to install, update, and uninstall apps from their devices. The google play store is the primary app store installed on android devices that comply with google's compatibility requirements and license the google mobile services software.[114][115] the google play store allows users to view, download and update apps published by google and third parties; as of january 2021 [update], there are over three million android apps available on the play store.[11][116] as of july 2013 [update], 50 billion apps have been installed.[117][118] some carriers offer direct billing for app purchases on google play, where the cost of the app is added to the user's monthly bill.[119] as of may 2017 [update] gmail, android, chrome, google play, and maps have over a billion monthly active users.Due to the open nature of